Encumbrance Certificate: Complete Guide (2026)
What an EC actually shows, Form 15 vs Form 16, how to get one in each state — and the specific things it can't tell you.
Knowledge pillars
All Pillar →Khasra, khatauni, jamabandi, shajra nasab and bhu-naksha explained - what each record proves, how to read one, and where to pull it from each state's portal.
60 articles
Circle and DLC rates, stamp duty and registration charges, capital gains and the exemptions under Sections 54B and 54F, and TDS under 194-IA - the full cost of a deal.
38 articles
Bigha, kanal, biswa, marla, nali and guntha vary by state and often by district. Conversion tables, calculators and the local rules behind each unit across North India.
33 articles
Who may buy agricultural land, what the ceiling limits are, and how tenancy and revenue codes differ across Rajasthan, Haryana, UP, Uttarakhand, Himachal and Punjab.
19 articles
Where farmhouses are permitted, construction norms and setbacks, utilities and borewells, and how gated farm estates and managed farmland models are structured.
18 articles
What NRIs and OCIs may and may not buy under FEMA 1999, the inheritance route into agricultural land, repatriation rules, power of attorney, and TDS on NRI sales.
15 articles
Expressways, airports, industrial and logistics corridors across North India - what is genuinely under construction, and how each has moved land values around it.
15 articles
Converting farmland to non-agricultural use: which authority approves it, what it costs, how long it takes, and why applications get rejected - state by state.
14 articles
Recently published
Showing 97–108 of 328 articles
What an EC actually shows, Form 15 vs Form 16, how to get one in each state — and the specific things it can't tell you.
Haryana CLU explained — DTCP process, documents, fee structure, timelines, and the deemed-approval gap causing real delays.
DLC rate, circle rate, collector rate explained — how they diverge from market price, and the tax hit when the gap gets too wide.
A state-by-state directory of official land record portals across Rajasthan, Haryana, UP, Uttarakhand, HP and Punjab — what each one lets you check.
Rural vs urban agricultural land, and the reinvestment exemptions once called Section 54B and 54F — now renumbered under the 2025 Act.
Step-by-step guide to jamabandi.nic.in — pull a Jamabandi Nakal by khewat, khasra or owner name, check mutation status, and search registered deeds.
What a sale deed must contain, how registration actually works across six states, and the defects that make one challengeable.
Who an NRI can sell agricultural land to, TDS under Section 195 vs 194-IA, the Form 13 lower-deduction route, and repatriation.
A comparison table of bigha use by state that flags values we could not confirm and shows how to read the unit in your own record.
What FEMA rule 24 says about NRIs and farmhouses, how converted land differs from agricultural land and what to verify before paying.
What the notified 2031 plan says about land use, farmland and Aravalli zones in Gurgaon, and what we could not confirm about any 2041 plan.
The six pillars, weights and limits of the Farmland India Trust Score, with a worked example and a guide to reading a project page.
Browse by region
All Region →Free tools
All Tool →Convert between bigha, kanal, biswa, marla, nali, guntha, acre, hectare and square yards using the correct local factor for the state and district you select.
Look up the notified circle or DLC rate for a district and land category, and compare it against prevailing market prices in the same micro-market.
Calculate stamp duty and registration charges for a land purchase by state, buyer category and consideration value, benchmarked against the applicable circle rate.
Calculate EMI, total interest and indicative eligibility for a land or agricultural loan across different tenures, rates and loan-to-value ratios.
Farmland India ("the Platform"), operated by Bulk Procure Private Limited, is a digital marketplace for listing agricultural land, farmhouse and plotted development projects. The Platform is not a real estate broker, agent or intermediary under RERA or any other applicable law, and does not act for either party to a transaction.
Listings are submitted by developers, owners and their authorised representatives. Before publication, the Platform carries out a documentary review of the material supplied and records what was sighted. That review is limited to the documents made available to us at that time. It is not a title investigation, not a legal opinion, and not a warranty of title, approvals, or the accuracy of any information supplied by a lister. The Trust Score is an internal assessment produced from that review and is intended as a research aid, not as a guarantee of outcome.
Every buyer must carry out independent due diligence before any transaction — including verification of land records, encumbrance searches, approvals and regulatory compliance — through their own advocate and chartered accountant. Any legal or advisory professional introduced through the Platform is engaged directly by the user, on that professional's own terms; the Platform does not employ, supervise or accept responsibility for their work.
Nothing on the Platform is investment advice. Land values can fall as well as rise. The Platform is not liable for any loss, dispute or damage arising from a transaction between parties.
Farmland India Knowledge Base
Guides, legal explainers, state-wise rules, measurement tools and due-diligence resources — everything you need before buying or selling land in India.
328 Articles · 21 Knowledge Pillars · 10 Regions Covered · 4 Free Tools